Zakat on Trade Deals

প্রশ্ন · Question

Assalamu alaikum our sheikh, may Allah cherish you with Islam and
cherish Islam with you. I pray to Allah that I will be among those who
will give you the Bayah for the Khilafah "Caliphate" on the method of
the Prophethood, for He is the One Able of everything.

I have a question about Zakat, Zakat on trade deals or money; is it
acceptable to give Zakat on them or part of them before a full year
(al-Hawl) passes on them, and is the completion of (al -Hawl) a
condition to pay Zakat on them?
May Allah help you with what is good for Islam and Muslims in this
world and the Hereafter, Wa Assalam Alaikum wa Rahmatullahi wa
Barakatuh.

উত্তর · Answer

Wa Alaikum Assalam wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh,
The completion of al -Hawl is a condition for the reason of paying
Zakat, which is "the quorum" (Nisab). If the condition is met, that is
al-Hawl has passed based on the reason of "quorum" without
decreasing it, then Zakat becomes obligatory. However, if it is given
out before it is due then this giving is permissible, according to the
Shariah evidence, which include the following:
- Al-Bayhaqi extracted in Al-Sunan Al-Kubra from Ali:
«ذِنَ لَهُ ف ِي
َ
نْ تَحِلَّ فَأ
َ
لَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ف ِي تَعْجِيلِ صَدَقَتِهِ قَبْلَ أ
َ
نَّ الْعَبَّاسَ رَض ِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سَأ
َ
أ
ذَلِكَ »
"That Al Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, asked the Messenger
of Allah ﷺ if he can hasten in paying his Sadaqa before its Hawl has
completed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ granted him permission".
- Al-Darqitni extracted in his Sunan from Hujr Al -Adawi from Ali that
he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Omar:
«خَذْنَا مِنَ الْعَبَّاسِ زَكَاةَ الْعَامِ عَامِ الَْْوَّلِ
َ
إِنَّا قَدْ أ »
"We took the Zakat of the year from Al-Abbas in the first year".
- Also Al-Darqitni extracted from Musa bin Talha from Talha that the
Prophet ﷺ said:

«بِيهِ؟ إِنَّا كُنَّا احْتَجْنَا إِلََ مَالٍ فَتَعَجَّلْنَا مِنَ الْعَ
َ
نَّ عَمَّ الرَّجُلِ صِنْوُ أ
َ
مَا عَلِمْتَ أ
َ
يَا عُمَرُ أ بَّاسِ
صَدَقَةَ مَالِهِ لِسَنَتَيْْ ِ »
"O Omar did you not know that the Uncle of the Man is the twin of
his father? We needed money so we took Sadaqa from the money of
Abbas for two years earlier".
There was a disagreement in the Isnad of Al-Hakam and the correct is
from Al-Hasan ibn Muslim which is Mursal (transmitted).
Accordingly, it is permissible to hasten the giving of Zakat before it
becomes due.
For your information, most scholars say so.

Your brother,
Abu Yasin